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By the s, crime was a major problem in Phoenix, and by the s crime continued to increase in the city at a faster rate than almost anywhere else in the country.
On March 16, , Ernesto Miranda was arrested and charged with rape. The subsequent Supreme Court ruling on June 13, , Miranda v. Arizona, has led to practice in the United States of issuing a Miranda Warning to all suspected criminals. With Phoenix's rapid growth, one of the prime areas of criminal activity was land fraud.
The practice became so widespread that newspapers would refer to Phoenix as the Tainted Desert. Street gangs and the drug trade had turned into public safety issues by the s, and the crime rate in Phoenix continued to grow.
The Maricopa County Jail system is the fourth-largest in the country. In the most recent numbers from the FBI , those rates stand at and , respectively. Since their peak in , murders have dropped from to in In and , Phoenix ranked first in the nation in vehicle thefts, with over 22, and 25, cars stolen each year respectively. As the first decade of the new century ended, Arizona had become the gateway to the U.
Arizona has museums, journals, societies, and libraries that serve as sources of important cultural heritage knowledge. They include the Arizona State Archives Historic Photographs Memory Project, [] which includes over 90, images that focus on the unique history of Arizona as a state and territory, the Arizona Historical Society, [] the Journal of Arizona History, [] and numerous museum databases. This is a legacy of numerous annexations over the years; many of the school districts were in existence prior to their territories becoming part of Phoenix.
There are 21 elementary school districts, which have over elementary schools, paired with 4 high school districts with 31 high schools serving Phoenix. In addition, there are 4 unified districts, which cover grades K, which add an additional 58 elementary schools and 4 high schools to Phoenix's educational system. Of those four, only the Paradise Valley district completely serves Phoenix. Arizona State University is the region's largest institution of higher education. The Maricopa County Community College District includes ten community colleges and two skills centers throughout Maricopa County, providing adult education and job training.
Phoenix College , part of the district, was founded in and is the oldest community college in Arizona and one of the oldest in the country. The city is also home to many other institutions of higher learning. Notable institutions include: Barrow Neurological Institute , the world's largest neurological disease treatment and research institution; [] Grand Canyon University , a private Christian university initially founded in as a non-profit school, [] it now operates as a for-profit institution; [] the University of Phoenix is the nation's largest for-profit university with over , students at campuses throughout North America, as well as online; and the Arizona Summit Law School , a private, for-profit law school in downtown Phoenix.
Phoenix's first newspaper was the weekly Salt River Valley Herald , established in , which would change its name the following year to the Phoenix Herald. The paper would go through several additional name changes in its early years before finally settling on the Phoenix Herald , which still exists today in an online form. In addition, the city is also served by numerous free neighborhood papers and alternative weeklies such as the Phoenix New Times ' the East Valley Tribune , which primarily serves the cities of the East Valley; and Arizona State University's The State Press.
The Phoenix metro area is served by many local television stations and is the largest designated market area DMA in the Southwest , and the 12th largest in the U. Many major feature films and television programs have been filmed in the city. From the opening sequences in Psycho , [] to the night attack by the aliens in 's The War of the Worlds , [] to freeway scenes in Little Miss Sunshine , [] Phoenix has been the location for numerous major feature films.
The radio airwaves in Phoenix cater to a wide variety of musical and talk radio interests. Air Canada , British Airways , Condor , Volaris , and WestJet are among several international carriers as well as American carrier American Airlines which maintains a hub at the airport that provide flights to destinations such as Canada, Costa Rica , Mexico, and London. It was converted from Williams Air Force Base, which closed in The airport has recently received substantial commercial service with Allegiant Air opening a hub operation at the airport with non-stop service to over a dozen destinations.
Valley Metro provides public transportation throughout the metropolitan area, with its trains, buses, and a ride-share program. Phoenix auto traffic depends on both freeways and surface streets. Phoenix ranks first in the nation in the quality of its urban freeways, and the state as a whole ranks first in the nation in the quality of bridges. In fact, in a recent study, there is not a single stretch of freeway in Phoenix ranked in the worst freeways for either congestion or unreliability. Part of the reason for this is the extensive freeway system in the city, due to most of that system being funded by local, rather than federal funds, through a half-cent general sales tax measure approved by voters in As of [update] , the metropolitan area of Phoenix contains one of the nation's largest and fastest growing freeway systems, consisting of over 1, lane miles 2, lane km.
There are still major additions to routes , and underway, as well as several other smaller projects around the valley. The street system in Phoenix and some of its suburbs is laid out in a grid system, with most roads oriented either north—south or east—west, and the zero point of the grid being the intersection of Central Avenue and Washington Street. The original plan was for the east—west streets to be named after U. Presidents, with the north—south streets named after Native Americans; but the north—south streets were quickly changed to numbers, with numbered Avenues running to the west of Central, and numbered Streets to its east.
Freeways and state highways in Phoenix: []. The Maricopa Association of Governments has a bicycle advisory committee working to improve conditions for bicycling on city streets and off-road paths. Being in the desert, Phoenix relies on a water supply delivered to the city via a system of canals which divert water from the region's rivers and lakes, with the largest portion of the city's water coming from the Colorado River through the Central Arizona Project 's canal.
The main sources of electrical generation are nuclear and coal power plants. SRP is also the largest water provider in Phoenix. In the last year for which information is available , Phoenix had a slightly younger population than the country as a whole. While the United States had Phoenix's percentage of In the last year for nationally reported figures , Phoenix was at or below national levels for most reportable diseases, with the exception of both hepatitis A and B, where they were slightly over the national average 0. In most major categories, Phoenix had a lower incidence of death than the rest of the nation.
Only deaths due to Alzheimer's Deaths due to HIV and liver disease were exactly at the national average of 2. Low-weight births 7. Births to teen mothers were significantly higher than the rest of the country, sitting at The Phoenix metropolitan area is serviced by 56 hospitals and medical centers. Phoenix is one of two other locations with Mayo Clinic campuses the other being Jacksonville, Florida.
Joseph's is a not-for-profit hospital with special advocacy for the poor and underserved. John C. Lincoln North Mountain Hospital is a general medical and surgical hospital, which performed nearly at the level of nationally ranked U. News Best Hospitals in 4 adult specialties. It is a bed children's teaching hospital. It operates 23 hospitals as well as specialized facilities.
The health system is the 2nd largest employer in Arizona, behind Walmart , employing more than 35, Of the top 10 rated hospitals in the city top 12 in the state , 4 are Banner hospitals. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center is the world's largest dedicated neurosurgical center and a leader in neurosurgical training, research, and patient care. It would take the organization several years to become official, not filing for Articles of Incorporation until , and not entering into their first Sister City agreement until , with Hermosillo, Mexico.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. State capital city of Arizona, United States.
For other uses, see Phoenix disambiguation. State capital city in Arizona, United States. State capital city. See also: List of tallest buildings in Phoenix. Main article: Economy of Phoenix. Main article: Sports in Phoenix. See also: U. See also: List of mayors of Phoenix, Arizona. Main article: Crime in Phoenix. See also: List of school districts in Phoenix, Arizona. See also: List of radio stations in Arizona and List of films shot in Arizona. Main article: Roads and freeways in metropolitan Phoenix. Interstate 10 Interstate 17 State Route 51 U. Main articles: List of hospitals in Phoenix and List of hospitals in Arizona.
Main article: List of people from Phoenix. See also: List of Arizona State University alumni.
Arizona portal. However, as the official Phoenix climatology station was changed to PHX in October , those records are not considered official. For more information see ThreadEx. Gazetteer Files".
United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 30, Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Census website". Retrieved June 18, Retrieved May 21, Archived from the original on May 21, Retrieved September 11, Archived from the original on November 6, Retrieved March 27, Archived from the original on February 14, Retrieved March 21, Census Bureau. Archived from the original PDF on January 16, Retrieved March 19, Retrieved February 14, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna.